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A three-way handshake is employed in TCP's internal
open sequence.
If machine A wishes to establish a connection with machine B,
A transmits the following message:
This initial packet request has the synchronize sequence number
bit (SSN) set in its header,
and an initial 32-bit unsigned sequence number ISNa.
B replies with:
B->A : SYN, ISNb, ACK(ISNa)
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to provide its own initial sequence number, ISNb,
and to acknowledge ISNa.
A will finally acknowledge ISNb with
and the connection is established.
May be of interest:
the Byzantine Generals' Problem.
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CITS3002