The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
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The TCP/IP protocol suite is based on the view that communication
involves three agents:
networks (which contain hosts),
hosts (which run processes),
and
processes (which generate and consume data).
Therefore,
a network need only be concerned about routing data between hosts as long
as the hosts agree how to get data to individual processes.
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With this in mind,
the TCP/IP architecture organizes protocols into four layers
(some texts argue for a five-layer model,
in which the Process/Application layer is split in two,
with well-understood applications forming the fifth layer).
- Protocols in the network access layer route
data between hosts (physically) attached in the same network.
- Protocols in the internet layer route
data across multiple (possibly dissimilar) networks and hosts.
Internet layer protocols are implemented in both hosts and gateways -
where a gateway is understood to connect two networks and must relay data
between both networks, both using an Internet protocol.
CITS3002 Computer Networks, Lecture 7, The TCP/IP protocol suite, p7, 17th April 2024.
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CITS3002